Scientists this one is the most recognizable figure in the world this century, many are looking for a story, a profile or a short biography about Albert Einstein. He is a theoretical physicist who is widely regarded as the greatest scientist in the 20th century. He put forward the theory of relativity and also greatly contributed to the development of quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, and kosmologi.Einstein also masterminded the bombing of the creation of the strongest in the world, namely 'Bomb' which makes Japan's surrender in 1945. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect and "for his services to Theoretical Physics". Having formulated the theory of general relativity, Einstein became famous throughout the world, an unusual achievement for a scientist. In his old age, his fame beyond the fame of all scientists in history, and in popular culture, says Einstein considered synonymous with intelligence or even genius. His face is one of the most recognized worldwide. In 1999, Einstein was named "Person of the Century" by Time magazine. Popularity also makes the name "Einstein" was widely used in advertising and other merchandise, and finally the "Albert Einstein" is registered as a trademark. To appreciate them, a unit in the photochemical named Einstein, a chemical element named einsteinium, and an asteroid was named 2001 Einstein.
Albert Einstein was born at Ulm, in Württemberg, Germany, on March 14, 1879. Six weeks later the family moved to Munich, where he later on began his schooling at the Luitpold Gymnasium. Later, they moved to Italy and Albert continued his education at Aarau, Switzerland and in 1896 he entered the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich to be trained as a teacher in physics and mathematics. In 1901, the year he gained his diploma, he acquired Swiss citizenship and, as he was unable to find a teaching post, he accepted a position as technical assistant in the Swiss Patent Office. In 1905 he obtained his doctor's degree.
The Biography of Albert Einstein
Einstein was born in Ulm in Württemberg, Germany; about 100 km east of Stuttgart. His father named Hermann Einstein, a salesman feather bed then undergo electrochemical work, and his mother was Pauline. They were married in Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt. Their family of Jewish descent; Albert was educated in Catholic schools and the wishes of his mother he was given violin lessons. At age five, his father showed him a pocket compass, and Einstein realized that something in space that "empty" acted upon the needle; He then describes his experience as one of the most evocative moment in his life. Although he made models and mechanical devices as a hobby, he was considered a slow learner, probably caused by dyslexia, shyness, or because of the structure of rare and unusual in his brain (examined after his death).
Albert Einstein in his time seems retarded because speech is too late. His character is quiet and likes to play alone. November 1981 born sister named Maja. Until the age of seven years of Albert Einstein like mad and throwing things, including his younger brother.Interest and passion in the field of physics appear at the age of five years. When he was weak because of pain, his father presented him with a compass. Albert tiny enchanted by the magic of the compass, so he made up his mind to open the veil of mystery that surrounds the majesty and grandeur of nature.
Although quiet and does not like to play with his friends, Albert Einstein remains capable of doing well in school. Raportnya nice and he became champion. In addition to attending school and cultivate the sciences, Albert activity was play music and a duet with her mother plays the works of Mozart and Bethoveen.
Albert spent his studies at the ETH (Eidgenoessische Technische Hochscule). At age 21, Albert passed. After graduation, Albert Einstein tried to apply for a job as a teaching assistant, but was rejected. Albert finally got a temporary job as a teacher in high school. Then he got a job at the patent office in Bern. During that time Albert still developing the science of physics ..He was later given an award for his theory of relativity because of this slowness, and said to think in terms of space and time from other children, he was able to develop a more developed intelligence. Others believe the news lately, about his mental development is that he suffered from Asperger's Syndrome, a condition associated with autism. Einstein began to study mathematics at the age of twelve. There are rumors that he failed in mathematics in education, but this is not true; replacement in the assessment unnerve the following year.
Two uncle helped develop interest in the world of the intellect at the end of his childhood and early adolescence by making suggestions and books on science and mathematics. In 1894, due to the failure of his father's electrochemical business, Einstein moved from Munich to Pavia, Italy (near Milan). Albert stayed behind to finish school, completing one semester before rejoining his family in Pavia. Its failure in the liberal arts in the admission tests Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Institute of Technology Swiss Federal, Zurich) in the next year is a step backwards; j him by his family sent to Aarau, Switzerland, to finish high school, where he received a diploma in 1896 Einstein several times to register at the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule. In the following year he took off citizenship Württemberg, and be not bekewarganegaraan.In 1898, Einstein met and fell in love with Mileva Maric, a Serb who was a classmate (also a friend of Nikola Tesla). In 1900, he was awarded a degree to teach by the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule and accepted as citizens Negar Switzerland in 1901. During this time Einstein discussed his interest in science to his close friends, including Mileva. He and Mileva had a daughter named Lieserl, born in January 1902. Lieserl, at that time, was considered illegal because the parents are not married.
2. Work and Doctoral Degree
At the time of graduation Einstein could not find a teaching job, keterburuannya as a young man who easily angered professornya. The father of a classmate helped him get a job as a technical assistant in the Swiss Patent Office examiner dalah 1902. There, Einstein assess the inventor patent applications for devices that require pengatahuan physics. He also learned to realize the importance of applications compared with the explanation that bad, and learn from the director how "to explain himself properly". He occasionally corrected their design and also evaluating the practicality of their work. Einstein married Mileva on 6 January 1903. Marriage Einstein to Mileva, a mathematician, is the personal companion and cleverness; On May 14, 1904, the couple's first child, Hans Albert Einstein, was born. In 1904, Einstein's position at the Swiss Patent Office became permanent. He earned his doctorate after submitting the thesis "Eine neue Bestimmung der Moleküldimensionen" ( "On a new determination of molecular dimensions") in 1905 from the University of Zürich.1905 was a year full of accomplishments for Albert, because this year he produced brilliant works. Here are the works:
March: paper about the application ekipartisi on radiation events, this paper is an introduction to the light quantum hypothesis based on Boltzmann statistics. The explanation of the photoelectric effect on paper is what gives him the Nobel prize in 1922.April: his doctoral dissertation on a new determination of molecular dimensions. Einstein earned his PhD from the University of Zurich.
May: The his paper on Brownian motion.
June: the papers of being famous, that of the theory of special relativity, Annalen der Physik published under the title Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Kerper (Electrodynamics of moving objects).September: the continuation of his paper in June, which came to the conclusion termahsyurnya formula: E = mc2, which is that the mass of an object (m) is a measure of its energy content (E). c is the speed of light in a vacuum (c >> 300 thousand kilometers per second). Massa had equality with energy, a fact which opens opportunities for the development of nuclear power projects in the future. One gram mass is thus equivalent to the energy that could supply electricity to 3,000 homes (power 900 watts) over the full year, an amount of energy is enormous.
In the same year he wrote four articles that provided the foundation of modern physics, without much scientific literature that he can appoint or many colleagues in science that he can discuss about the theory. Most physicists agree that three of those papers (on Brownian motion), the photoelectric effect and special relativity) deserved Nobel Prizes. But the only paper on the photoelectric effect would win the award. It is an irony, not only because Einstein is far better known for relativity, but also because the photoelectric effect is a quantum phenomenon, and Einstein became free from the road in quantum theory. What makes these papers remarkable is that, in each case, Einstein boldly took an idea from theoretical physics to its logical consequences and managed to explain experimental results that had baffled scientists for decades. He submitted a thesis-thesis to the "Annalen der Physik". They are usually addressed to "Annus Mirabilis Papers" (from Latin: Year exceptional). Union of Pure Physics and Applications (IUPAP) plans to celebrate the 100 years of the publication of Einstein's work in 1905 as a Year of Physics, 2005.
3. Brownian Movement
In the first article in 1905 called "On the Motion-Required by the Molecular Kinetic Theory of Heat-of Small Particles Suspended in a Stationary Liquid", includes research on Brownian motion. Using the kinetic theory of liquids at the time controversial, he determined that the phenomenon, which is still lacking a satisfactory explanation setlah decades after it was first observed, provide empirical evidence (on the basis of observations and experiments) the reality on the atoms. And also lend confidence in statistical mechanics, which at that time was also controversial. Prior to this thesis, the atom is known as berguan concept, but physicists and chemists hotly debated whether atoms really a tangible object. Einstein's statistical discussion of atomic behavior give experimenters a way to count atoms by looking through an ordinary microscope. Wilhelm Ostwald, a leader of the anti-atom school, later told Arnold Sommerfeld that he had been converted to complete Einstein's explanation of Brownian motion.
In 1909, Albert Einstein was appointed as a professor at the University of Zurich. In 1915, he completed both his theory of relativity. The highest award for her hard work paid off with a little since she won the Nobel Prize in 1921 in physics. Besides Albert also develop quantum theory and unified field theory.
In 1933, Albert and his family moved to the United States for fear of scientific activity - either as a teacher or as a researcher - disturbed. In 1941, he took the oath as a citizen of the United States. Because fame and sincerity in helping others in difficulty, Albert offered become Israel's second president. However, this position was declined because he felt did not have competence in that area. Finally, on April 18, 1955, Albert Einstein died leaving behind great works that changed the history of the world.
After World War II, Einstein was a leading figure in the World
Government Movement, he was offered the Presidency of the State of
Israel, which he declined, and he collaborated with Dr. Chaim Weizmann
in establishing the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Einstein always appeared to have a clear view of the problems of physics and the determination to solve them. He had a strategy of his own and was able to visualize the main stages on the way to his goal. He regarded his major achievements as mere stepping-stones for the next advance.
At the start of his scientific work, Einstein realized the inadequacies of Newtonian mechanics and his special theory of relativity stemmed from an attempt to reconcile the laws of mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. He dealt with classical problems of statistical mechanics and problems in which they were merged with quantum theory: this led to an explanation of the Brownian movement of molecules. He investigated the thermal properties of light with a low radiation density and his observations laid the foundation of the photon theory of light.
In his early days in Berlin, Einstein postulated that the correct interpretation of the special theory of relativity must also furnish a theory of gravitation and in 1916 he published his paper on the general theory of relativity. During this time he also contributed to the problems of the theory of radiation and statistical mechanics.
In the 1920's, Einstein embarked on the construction of unified field theories, although he continued to work on the probabilistic interpretation of quantum theory, and he persevered with this work in America. He contributed to statistical mechanics by his development of the quantum theory of a monatomic gas and he has also accomplished valuable work in connection with atomic transition probabilities and relativistic cosmology.
After his retirement he continued to work towards the unification of the basic concepts of physics, taking the opposite approach, geometrisation, to the majority of physicists.
Einstein's researches are, of course, well chronicled and his more important works include Special Theory of Relativity (1905), Relativity (English translations, 1920 and 1950), General Theory of Relativity (1916), Investigations on Theory of Brownian Movement (1926), and The Evolution of Physics (1938). Among his non-scientific works, About Zionism (1930), Why War? (1933), My Philosophy (1934), and Out of My Later Years (1950) are perhaps the most important.
* Albert Einstein was formally associated with the Institute for Advanced Study located in Princeton, New Jersey.
Einstein always appeared to have a clear view of the problems of physics and the determination to solve them. He had a strategy of his own and was able to visualize the main stages on the way to his goal. He regarded his major achievements as mere stepping-stones for the next advance.
At the start of his scientific work, Einstein realized the inadequacies of Newtonian mechanics and his special theory of relativity stemmed from an attempt to reconcile the laws of mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. He dealt with classical problems of statistical mechanics and problems in which they were merged with quantum theory: this led to an explanation of the Brownian movement of molecules. He investigated the thermal properties of light with a low radiation density and his observations laid the foundation of the photon theory of light.
In his early days in Berlin, Einstein postulated that the correct interpretation of the special theory of relativity must also furnish a theory of gravitation and in 1916 he published his paper on the general theory of relativity. During this time he also contributed to the problems of the theory of radiation and statistical mechanics.
In the 1920's, Einstein embarked on the construction of unified field theories, although he continued to work on the probabilistic interpretation of quantum theory, and he persevered with this work in America. He contributed to statistical mechanics by his development of the quantum theory of a monatomic gas and he has also accomplished valuable work in connection with atomic transition probabilities and relativistic cosmology.
After his retirement he continued to work towards the unification of the basic concepts of physics, taking the opposite approach, geometrisation, to the majority of physicists.
Einstein's researches are, of course, well chronicled and his more important works include Special Theory of Relativity (1905), Relativity (English translations, 1920 and 1950), General Theory of Relativity (1916), Investigations on Theory of Brownian Movement (1926), and The Evolution of Physics (1938). Among his non-scientific works, About Zionism (1930), Why War? (1933), My Philosophy (1934), and Out of My Later Years (1950) are perhaps the most important.
* Albert Einstein was formally associated with the Institute for Advanced Study located in Princeton, New Jersey.
No comments:
Post a Comment